PID loops are a central component of modulating boiler control systems with applications ranging from basic steam header pressure control to cascading 3-element drum level control. A modern ...

A few weeks ago, I installed an automatic water heater switch to my bathroom, but it was a crude device. What I really want to do is design a universal heater driver. That basic idea can be adapted to ...

The internal model principle of control theory states that algorithms designed to perfectly reject input signals must contain a model of that input. Feedback control that adheres to this internal ...